Dungeons, Dragons, and Soundscapes: Sci-Fi Sound Effects

Welcome back! Last week, we took a look at how to create a basic background for a forest scene by layering sound effects, using strictly free material. This week, our theme here at the Flying Pincushion is Firefly, so we're going to cover sci-fi-style sound effects. This time, however, we will be focusing on what you can do when you have professional-style resources to tap into. This is the stuff I work with every time I create sound effects or music, whether for my own use or for a client, and it'll give you something to shoot for. But don't despair if you don't have a ton of money to throw at this stuff, because I'm going to give you some resources to do this stuff for free, too.

Last week, I had you grab Audacity. This is your bread and butter program for free audio sculpting. I also directed you to freesound.org, where you can find just about any basic sound you're looking for. If you want to design your sound effects yourself and for free, see last week's article for a step by step guide – the content there is for a forest atmosphere, but the techniques don't change at all for any kind of other sound. Follow the steps there, replacing the sounds I used with sounds of your choice, and you'll get an idea of how to layer effects.

However, this week we're focusing on using professional tools to come up with some really high quality sounds for your science fiction needs. So here's a list of what I will be using to do this, along with the standard prices of each (you can frequently find deals and sales).

• Avid Pro Tools 11 ($699)
• Native Instruments Massive ($199)
• A MIDI controller keyboard of some kind, not expensive at all (and optional)

Pro Tools is the industry standard for audio production (except movies, Steinberg Nuendo takes that one). NI Massive is the synth for electronic music, especially dubstep. It can do just about anything except make you a coffee, and that's only because it's not hooked up to your coffee machine. There are a massive (ahaha) amount of tutorials available for it, because it is an incredibly complex powerful tool. I'll spare you all that, though, because it delves deeply into some very complicated electronics and music theory. By the way, any of the things I'm doing here in Pro Tools can be done in pretty much any professional DAW such as Cubase as well.

Alright, so here's the step by step of what I'm doing to create this sound:

https://soundcloud.com/sonicdirgeproductions/firefly-sound-sample

Step 1: Open Pro Tools and Setup a New Session

Once you start up Pro Tools it'll ask what you want to do with it. Click Create Blank Session, and set the Bit Depth to 24 and the Sample Rate to 48 kHz. I/O Settings, you can leave at Last Used, they won't have an effect on what we're doing here. Make sure you've checked the Interleaved box, too, and set the audio file type to .WAV. (See screenshot)

Step 2: Get the Instrument Ready

Now that we have our shiny new session open, we need the tracks. Cmd/Ctrl+Shift+N will open the New Tracks menu. You want to create 1 Stereo Instrument Track. Once that is ready, on the top menu click Window > Mix to open up the mixing board window. At the moment, it only has one track. On the top of the track, you have Insert slots. Click one, and click Plug-in > Instrument > Massive to load the synthesizer onto the track. Now, plug your midi controller keyboard into your USB port. Press some keys to make sure there's sound coming into the track (the meter will show you the level). (See screenshot)

Step 3: Picking Your Sound

Those not using a keyboard, go to Step 4 and do that first, then come back here. Use Play to hear the sound Massive is making.

Massive comes with a ton of presets, and frequently you can find what you want for just about anything by poking around in the preset menu, and sometimes fiddling with the controls on the bottom right. Let's open the preset menu in the plugin (see screenshot) and choose the 4AD preset. I don't really like that base tone, but the layers of chirping and beeping seem pretty cool, so check out the Oscillators on the left of the plugin. Osc 3 is the one giving us the sound we want, so just click names of Osc 1 and Osc 2 to disable them.

Step 4: Recording the Sound

The instructions for this one differ depending on whether you're using a keyboard or not.

Keyboard: There's a white dot on the track, both on the left panel in the Edit window and right below the Panorama controls. Click that button and it will begin blinking red – this is the Record Ready button, which tells the program which tracks should start recording when you have Record mode enabled. Now that we've done that, we want to record the sound. To do this, enable Record mode by clicking the red dot button in the transport area (next to play and stop). Then get ready to hold down one note on your keyboard. I like how the sound plays a little lower, so I'm going to use a C note two octaves down, but you can use whatever you want. Just make sure you know which note you're using (even if it's just remembering which key). Now, it's just a matter of hitting the Play button (or spacebar) and holding down the note for as long as you want it playing, then hitting the spacebar again.

No Keyboard: For you folks not using a keyboard, on the top menu bar click Window > MIDI Editor to open the....MIDI Editor! Then find the note you want on the keyboard on the left. Use the Zoom tool (top left of the window, next to the blue highlighted area) till you can see individual spaces well enough, and double click on one in the bar aligned with the note you want, to generate a MIDI note. On the bottom of the window, there are a few other sections, one of which is labelled Velocity. In that section, directly beneath the note you just created, is a little diamond with a line under it. Click and drag that diamond all the way up to maximize the velocity (how hard you 'hit' the note). Now click and drag the right end of the note you just made, and drag it out until it's as long as you want it to be.

Step 5: Layering the Sound (optional)

If you like the sound you just created, and don't want anything else on top, skip this step.

Otherwise, follow steps 1 to 4 again, but pick a different preset and play around with it. A quick way to open a second track is to right click on the name of the first track (Inst 1 in this case), and click Duplicate. Then you have an exact duplicate of the first one. Click the second track's insert of Massive, and change that one's preset to how you want it, and just hit play to hear them both layered together. I picked the Ascending preset. Now open up the Mix window again (Window > Mix) and move the volume faders around until the sounds are layered how you want them. I left Ascending at 0 dB, and moved the 4AD sound to about -6 dB. For added fun, copy and paste both the clips in the Edit window again, then double click the second Ascending clip, grab the Midi note, and pull it down by one key.

Step 6: Save the Sound

Once you're happy with the sound you've created, go to the edit window, click anywhere in the tracks, and hit Select All (Edit > Select All or Cmd/Ctrl+A), then click File > Bounce To > Disk. Leave the Bounce Source alone, File Type 'WAV', Format 'Interleaved', Bit Depth '24', Sample Rate '48 kHz', Conversion Options 'Convert After Bounce' (see screenshot). Then hit Bounce, and pick the location and name you want to save your file to. Let Pro Tools run, and once it's finished bouncing, voila! Your new sound is ready.

http://i3.photobucket.com/albums/y92/Cenothys/FireflySS4.png

Dungeons, Dragons and Soundscapes won't be appearing next week, but will return the week thereafter.

Dungeons, Dragons, Soundscapes: Sound Effects as a GM Tool

By Kyle O'Hara

It's an oft-repeated theme on many gaming forums – where does sound fit in with my game? Typically the topic of conversation is more background music and less sound effects, but the general consensus seems to be “Use what suits your group best”. And that's true. Music and sound effects aren't for every game group out there. But for those who choose to use it, sound is a powerful tool for setting atmosphere, highlighting important moments, climactic battles... the limit is your imagination.

Sound design is a weird and wonderful mix of technical dry work and pure creativity, and music and sound can skyrocket your game's feeling to whole new levels. In movies, it's the sound and music that sets the tone more than the visual aspect of it. You know what I mean – you're watching a movie, and slowly the music takes on a more tense tone, getting louder, and louder and louder, more tense until you're ready to snap, then BANG! A monster jumps out, or whatever. It wasn't the character walking down the empty hall that had you on the edge of your seat, it was the tense music making your heart race.

Using sound in your game is no different. Use it to underlie your BBEG monologues, to emphasize the mounting tension as the orc army draws near with wardrums pounding in the distance. It can be as simple as a nice long mp3 of foresty sounds you found on the Internet as background sound, you hit play, maybe set it to repeat, and you're good to go back to focusing on the game. That's fine. It can get a lot more in-depth than that, though – the more direct control you're willing to exercise, the more detailed you can get with your sounds in-game.

This talk is all fine and good, but what I hear you saying is, “Kyle, how do we do this? Tell us how we can make sounds our next big GM tool!” Well, alright, if you insist.

There are multiple ways of getting sound effects and background music up and running for your game, and I will be covering many of them in this series. Today, I'll be showing you how to build them yourself using free software and sounds, my preferred method. Over the course of this series I'll cover various other methods and resources as well.

For starters, you can just grab things off the internet. There are numerous places that offer royalty-free sound effects you can use, such as freesound.org. You can find all manner of … well, anything there, download them, and use them. They're created and uploaded by other users, with quite a good search function.

So, you've got yourself all the awesome explosions and fire sound effects you want, and you want to stick them together. Here's where you need another program. There are all kinds of them – any professional Digital Audio Workstation (DAW) will do the trick, but there are free alternatives. The best one out there is Audacity, available at http://audacity.sourceforge.net for free. It does a lot of the basics of a DAW, and even supports AU plug-ins. For our purposes, though, it has pretty much everything you'll need to get rolling with sound for your game.

This week's theme here at the Flying Pincushion is Gilgamesh, so today we'll be putting together some sound effects for a forest scene such as when Gilgamesh and Enkidu travel through the forest to steal cedar trees. And we'll be using 100% free stuff to do it! I'll show you how to make this sound file:

 http://soundcloud.com/sonicdirgeproductions/

Step 1: Decide which sounds you need.

To begin with, we need to figure out what sounds belong in the scene we're trying to build. A forest scene needs birds, leaves rustling, a river off in the distance perhaps. Lots of atmosphere and background noise. You can record the sounds yourselves if you have the gear for that, of course, but for those that don't, head on over to www.freesound.org and find yourselves some sounds. You can search for specific sounds, but don't forget to try a general search for “forest” and see what comes up. As it happens, right near the top of the “forest” search, there's one called “Fryers Forest Dawn long version” which suits our purposes perfectly. Then search “river” and there's a file called Beek1.wav that's a nice high-quality recording of a river sound.

Step 2: Download the sounds and import them into Audacity

Okay. So, we've downloaded some sounds that we would like to put together. Open up Audacity, go to File>Import>Audio, and select the sounds – in our case, the forest and river sounds. When the prompt pops up, select “make a copy of the selected files”, which copies the files and edits the copies so the originals stay untouched. Now we have two tracks – the forest and the river sounds. You can just hit play and hear both tracks at the same time, but the river one is much shorter than the forest one.

Step 3: Fill the Gaps

We want the river to be a constant background noise that lasts the length of the whole thing. Fixing this problem is simple – double-click the river clip to select it, hit Cmd+C (Ctrl+C for Windows users) to copy it, click again somewhere after the end of the clip, hit Cmd/Ctrl+V to paste it. Now, at the top of the window you have the transport area (play, pause, fast forward, etc.) and to the right of that, a bank of six icons. These are your tools – you have the Selection tool active right now. Click the bottom middle icon (a line with an arrow at either end) to activate the Time Shift tool. Then click and drag the pasted clip to the left until it meets the end of the first clip. Then, click the darker line at the meeting point to fuse the clips together. Then repeat the process for the new, double-length clip you just made, and again until you've matched the length of the forest clip. If you've filled it up and the river clip is now longer, click on the river clip at the spot that the forest clip ends (the end of the forest clip will blink yellow to show that it's perfectly aligned), and hit Cmd/Ctrl+I to split the clip at that location, then double-click the extra bits you don't want and hit backspace. The bulk of the work is now done!

Step 4: Tinker with the Sound

Alright, we have our basic clip complete. But we wanted the river in the background, remember? We could just make the river quieter (the volume control is the slider with – and + on the base of the track, left side of the screen). That works just fine, if you want the river to sound like it's right nearby. If you want it in the distance, you will need to do a little more work. Double-click the whole river clip to select it, then in the top menu bar click Effect, and select Equalization. This opens an EQ tool that gives you control over the levels of any specific frequency in the clip. To make the river sound farther off, we need to sink off the higher frequencies. The easiest way to do this is to click the Graphic EQ button on the bottom left, and just pull down the sliders starting at the far right, all the way to the bottom. Click Preview to hear what it will sound like, and keep doing that until it's satisfactorily far-away-sounding. Then hit OK to apply the effect.

Step 5: Save the Sound

Save the session (File>Save Project). If you want to have this sound you've created as an mp3, use File>Export. It will default to .WAV, if you want it as an mp3 instead simply select that on the drop-down menu, and it will export the sound in that format. I recommend using .WAV though, as it is an uncompressed lossless format with much higher quality than mp3. Alternatively, you can just use Audacity itself to playback the sound when you need it. If you want it to loop until you say stop, select the entire clip by double-clicking and on the top menu, click Transport>Loop Play. It will keep looping the audio until you hit stop.

There we go! We're done. Your only limits in what you can create in this manner are the sound files you can find, and your own creativity in putting them together and editing them.